Accountability and school improvement systems are key drivers of educational equity. These two systems are interconnected and designed to help close achievement gaps by identifying targeted support to struggling schools and student groups. It is critical for these two systems, and the people that lead these systems, to work in concert as a key part of an overall strategy to ensure educators have the resources they need and ensure every student receives a high-quality education. CCSSO has developed this resource to provide state leaders with guidance on the connections that exist between accountability and school improvement systems and to pose key questions for states to consider as they work to make the connections more explicit.